Holocaust in Cambodia

Fatal war news from Phnom Penh came 32 years ago. The Khmer Rouge was taking power and control of Cambodia, and U.S. personnel were being evacuated in Operation Eagle Pull.

On a soccer field near the U.S. embassy, steely-eyed Marines stood guard while long lines of personnel loaded helicopters headed for safer ground. Only a matter of time separated departure from roaring trucks carrying brutal Khmer Rouge killers -- firing guns into the air -- rolling into city square. Theirs would be an epitaph of evil as a warm dust wind warned of a new liberation, Communist-style.

For five long years, the American government promised freedom and democracy to farmers, carpenters, ditch diggers and religious monks. It promised education, new homes and a better way of life.

For 300 days before the fall, I was a Navy lieutenant and SEAL, one of the first charged with high-level diplomatic politics inside a war zone. I watched the steady decline of Khmer government optimism, sagging spirits of Cambodian troops and the shutdown of vital war stocks, caused by politics inside cold Senate walls.

Congress whittled down the embassy presence to just 200. Besieged by rocket fire day and night, military attaches entered bullet-saturated combat zones to advise and encourage Cambodian forces. Without the American presence, indigenous forces would have imploded much sooner.

Congress found cruelty to U.S. personnel by cutting daily ration funds. Bug-filled bread was a daily consumable and tainted vegetables required soaking in Clorox. Fresh meats or poultry were nearly nonexistent. No other food was available.

Inside the local Hotel Phnom, however, reporters, writers from the national press corps, enjoyed delicacies under glass served by young boys in formal attire. Cigars and whiskies made their existence possible. They hunted and scoured the countryside for the opportunity to snap any American speaking in advisory tones.

Then-President Ford pleaded with an unforgiving Congress that more time was needed to stabilize Cambodia and that cutting off military funding would send the wrong signal to the Khmer Rouge and the North Vietnamese. According to records, CIA intelligence estimates meant first for the eyes of the president and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger instead found their way to Senate committees, distracting and undermining intentions of the White House.

Not unlike Iraq today, American involvement in Cambodia brought home the ugliness of war, associated ravages, revenge, innocents dying, crime, corruption and untold death. I observed the misguided B-52 strike on Neak Loung province, where Route One meets the Mekong River. Here, devastation left behind by mistaken secret bombing, intended to thwart North Vietnamese border movements, cemented disdain for American involvement and promises broken.

Absent from the Khmer landscape were the roads, schools and key infrastructure promised by the American-installed government.

The Cambodian people themselves were gentle if not undisciplined in many ways. They were religious and faithful to their families. The Khmer Rouge had no patience with these ways. Instead, it turned Asian values into forced labor and execution.

In February 1975, the CIA's National Intelligence Estimate painted a dismal picture of hope and survivability for the Cambodian people. Without further supplies of 600 tons a day on the Mekong, or a military breakthrough against the Khmer Rouge, the Cambodian government would collapse before June, it concluded. The Pentagon disagreed.